{"id":4124,"date":"2021-12-16T03:33:41","date_gmt":"2021-12-16T03:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/?page_id=4124"},"modified":"2025-03-04T10:08:07","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T10:08:07","slug":"bilingual","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/sinosphere\/bilingual\/","title":{"rendered":"Bilingual"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4124\" class=\"elementor elementor-4124\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-141357e elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"141357e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d6fb8\" data-id=\"97d6fb8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7af6e1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7af6e1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chapter 7: Sinosphere<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4beabf4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4beabf4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-afc9f2b\" data-id=\"afc9f2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b68057 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0b68057\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/media\/en_flag.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-160\" alt=\"English\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1cd260 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a1cd260\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/media\/jp_flag.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-162\" alt=\"Japanese\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3722ef3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3722ef3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/media\/es_flag.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-161\" alt=\"Esperanto\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b3657f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6b3657f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/media\/vi_flag.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-163\" alt=\"Vietnamese\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3c738b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3c738b3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7ca5e4\" data-id=\"f7ca5e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b7e91a bilingual elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1b7e91a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2881\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">English<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2882\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2883\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Esperanto<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2884\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">English<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2881\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2881\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><h3>Sinosphere<\/h3><ol><li>What is the \u201csinosphere\u201d? It refers to \u201cEast Asian cultural sphere,\u201d or \u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f, in Japanese and Chinese. Many if not most people, including Japanese, hardly know that Vietnam was part of the \u201csinosphere.\u201d That is, the countries and regions where Chinese characters are or have been used to write their language. Well, everyone knows that contemporary Chinese, Japanese and Korean (fading out) use Chinese characters, but did you know what languages are shown here?<\/li><li>They are Cantonese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese. The last one, called Chu Nom (Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m \u5583), is Vietnamese written in Chinese characters or characters created on Chinese model. Most people are quite surprised to learn that for about 1000 years Vietnam was part of the Sinosphere.<\/li><li>For Japanese and Chinese speakers like myself, it helps a lot when learning new Vietnamese words to know the underlying characters, like \u653f\u6cbb (J:seiji, V: ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb,), which are cognates and are pronounced similarly. Though the Chu Nom script was mostly abandoned in the 1920s, you still see Chu Nom on signs here and there. There is even a website that enables you to input Chu Nom at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chunom.org\/pages\/ime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chu Nom online editor<\/a>.<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2882\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2882\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><h3>\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f<\/h3><ol><li>\u300c\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f\u300d\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\uff1f\u3000\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6771\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u6587\u5316\u570f\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a9e\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5168\u3066\u306e\u3001\u3068\u306f\u3044\u308f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u3001\u304b\u3064\u3066\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u304c\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6b86\u3069\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f\u3068\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u56fd\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u8868\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u6f22\u5b57\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u304b\u3064\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u56fd\u3084\u5730\u57df\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a9e\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u97d3\u56fd\u8a9e\uff08\u307b\u307c\u5ec3\u6b62\uff09\u304c\u6f22\u5b57\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8ab0\u3067\u3082\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u306b\u793a\u3059\u306e\u306f\u4f55\u8a9e\u304b\u3001\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/li><li>\u6b63\u89e3\u306f\u3001\u5e83\u6771\u8a9e\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u8a9e\u3001\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\u3002\uff13\u3064\u76ee\u306f\u3001Chu Nom \uff08Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m \u5583\uff09\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3001\u6f22\u5b57\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6f22\u5b57\u65b9\u5f0f\u3067\u8003\u6848\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7d04\u5343\u5e74\u9593\u3001\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u304c\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5927\u62b5\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u304b\u306a\u308a\u9a5a\u304f\u3002<\/li><li>\u79c1\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3084\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u65b0\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u3068\u304d\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5927\u5909\u5f79\u306b\u7acb\u3064\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u300d(ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb)\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3068\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\u3067\u8a9e\u6e90\u304c\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u767a\u97f3\u3082\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Chu Nom \u8868\u8a18\u306f1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u6b86\u3069\u5ec3\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u3067\u3082\u3042\u3061\u3053\u3061\u306e\u770b\u677f\u306b\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u306e\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u306e\u7a93\u306e\u76f4\u3050\u5916\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u58c1\u3067\u3001Chu Nom \u304c\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chunom.org\/pages\/ime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chu Nom \u6587\u5b57\u306e\u5909\u63db\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u307e\u3067\u3042\u308b<\/a>\u3002<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Esperanto<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2883\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2883\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><h3>\u0108inlitera Kultursfero<\/h3><ol><li>Kio estas la \u201c\u0108inlitera Kultursfero\u201d? \u011ci signifas la \u201corient-azian kultursferon\u201d, a\u016d \u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f en la japana kaj la \u0109ina. Multaj homoj, se ne \u0109iuj, inkluzive de japanoj, apena\u016d scias, ke Vjetnamio estis parto de la \u0108inlitera Kultursfero, tio estas, la landoj kaj regionoj, kiuj uzas a\u016d iam uzis \u0109inajn literojn por skribi sian lingvon. Nu, \u0109iuj scias, ke la nuntempa \u0109ina, la nuntempa japana kaj la nuntempa korea (peska\u016d ne plu) uzas \u0109inajn literojn, sed \u0109u vi sciis, kiuj lingvoj estas \u0109i tie montritaj?<\/li><li>Ili estas la kantona, tajvana kaj vjetnama lingvoj. La lasta, nomata Chu Nom (Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m \u5583), estas la vjetnama skribita en \u0109inaj literoj a\u016d literoj kreitaj la\u016d la \u0109ina modelo. Plej multaj homoj ja surprizi\u011das ekscii, ke dum \u0109irka\u016d 1000 jaroj Vjetnamio estis parto de la \u0108inlitera Kultursfero.<\/li><li>Kiam parolantoj de la japana kaj la \u0109ina, kiel mi mem, lernas novajn vortojn en la vjetnama, multe helpas la scio de \u0109inaj literoj, kiuj ku\u015das \u0109e la fundo de tiuj vortoj. Ekzemple, \u653f\u6cbb (J:seiji, V: ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb) estas parencaj vortoj kaj estas simile prononcataj. Kvankam la skribsistemo de Chu Nom estis plejparte abolita en la 1930-aj jaroj, ankora\u016d hodia\u016d tie kaj \u0109i tie videblas Chu Nom en butik\u015dildoj. Jen muro kun skriba\u0135o en Chu Nom tuj ekster mia hotelfenestro. Trovi\u011das e\u0109 retejo, kiu ebligas enigi Chu-Nom-literojn \u0109e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chunom.org\/pages\/ime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chu Nom online editor<\/a>.<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2884\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2884\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2884\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><h3>V\u00f9ng V\u0103n ho\u00e1 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1<\/h3><ol><li>\u201cV\u00f9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u201cV\u00f9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1\u201d, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 V\u0103n ho\u00e1 quy\u1ec3n (\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f) trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Trung. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y ai, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u201cv\u00f9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1\u201d, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef vi\u1ebft. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Trung, ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111ang d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t \u0111i) \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng H\u00e1n t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ai bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/li><li>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng, ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m\u5583, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra theo h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng V\u0103n ho\u00e1 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 trong su\u1ed1t kho\u1ea3ng 1000 n\u0103m.<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Trung nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp ngh\u0129a b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u653f\u6cbb (ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt:seiji, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m t\u1eeba t\u1ef1a nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1eef N\u00f4m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef N\u00f4m ngay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ch\u1eef n\u00e0y \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t trang web cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadp ch\u1eef N\u00f4m t\u1ea1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chunom.org\/pages\/ime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">So\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef N\u00f4m online<\/a>.<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b91be2a\" data-id=\"b91be2a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a8b399 bilingual elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"7a8b399\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1281\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1281\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1282\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1282\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Esperanto<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1283\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1283\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1284\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1284\" aria-expanded=\"false\">English<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1281\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1281\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1281\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><h3>\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f<\/h3><ol><li>\u300c\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f\u300d\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\uff1f\u3000\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6771\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u6587\u5316\u570f\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a9e\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5168\u3066\u306e\u3001\u3068\u306f\u3044\u308f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u3001\u304b\u3064\u3066\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u304c\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6b86\u3069\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f\u3068\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u56fd\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u8868\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u6f22\u5b57\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u304b\u3064\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u56fd\u3084\u5730\u57df\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a9e\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u97d3\u56fd\u8a9e\uff08\u307b\u307c\u5ec3\u6b62\uff09\u304c\u6f22\u5b57\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8ab0\u3067\u3082\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u306b\u793a\u3059\u306e\u306f\u4f55\u8a9e\u304b\u3001\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/li><li>\u6b63\u89e3\u306f\u3001\u5e83\u6771\u8a9e\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u8a9e\u3001\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\u3002\uff13\u3064\u76ee\u306f\u3001Chu Nom \uff08Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m \u5583\uff09\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3001\u6f22\u5b57\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6f22\u5b57\u65b9\u5f0f\u3067\u8003\u6848\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7d04\u5343\u5e74\u9593\u3001\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u304c\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5927\u62b5\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u304b\u306a\u308a\u9a5a\u304f\u3002<\/li><li>\u79c1\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3084\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u65b0\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u3068\u304d\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5927\u5909\u5f79\u306b\u7acb\u3064\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u300d(ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb)\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3068\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u8a9e\u3067\u8a9e\u6e90\u304c\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u767a\u97f3\u3082\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Chu Nom \u8868\u8a18\u306f1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u6b86\u3069\u5ec3\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u3067\u3082\u3042\u3061\u3053\u3061\u306e\u770b\u677f\u306b\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u306e\u30db\u30c6\u30eb\u306e\u7a93\u306e\u76f4\u3050\u5916\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u58c1\u3067\u3001Chu Nom \u304c\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chunom.org\/pages\/ime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chu Nom \u6587\u5b57\u306e\u5909\u63db\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u307e\u3067\u3042\u308b<\/a>\u3002<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1282\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Esperanto<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1282\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1282\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><h3>\u0108inlitera Kultursfero<\/h3><ol><li>Kio estas la \u201c\u0108inlitera Kultursfero\u201d? \u011ci signifas la \u201corient-azian kultursferon\u201d, a\u016d \u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f en la japana kaj la \u0109ina. Multaj homoj, se ne \u0109iuj, inkluzive de japanoj, apena\u016d scias, ke Vjetnamio estis parto de la \u0108inlitera Kultursfero, tio estas, la landoj kaj regionoj, kiuj uzas a\u016d iam uzis \u0109inajn literojn por skribi sian lingvon. Nu, \u0109iuj scias, ke la nuntempa \u0109ina, la nuntempa japana kaj la nuntempa korea (peska\u016d ne plu) uzas \u0109inajn literojn, sed \u0109u vi sciis, kiuj lingvoj estas \u0109i tie montritaj?<\/li><li>Ili estas la kantona, tajvana kaj vjetnama lingvoj. La lasta, nomata Chu Nom (Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m \u5583), estas la vjetnama skribita en \u0109inaj literoj a\u016d literoj kreitaj la\u016d la \u0109ina modelo. Plej multaj homoj ja surprizi\u011das ekscii, ke dum \u0109irka\u016d 1000 jaroj Vjetnamio estis parto de la \u0108inlitera Kultursfero.<\/li><li>Kiam parolantoj de la japana kaj la \u0109ina, kiel mi mem, lernas novajn vortojn en la vjetnama, multe helpas la scio de \u0109inaj literoj, kiuj ku\u015das \u0109e la fundo de tiuj vortoj. Ekzemple, \u653f\u6cbb (J:seiji, V: ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb) estas parencaj vortoj kaj estas simile prononcataj. Kvankam la skribsistemo de Chu Nom estis plejparte abolita en la 1930-aj jaroj, ankora\u016d hodia\u016d tie kaj \u0109i tie videblas Chu Nom en butik\u015dildoj. Jen muro kun skriba\u0135o en Chu Nom tuj ekster mia hotelfenestro. Trovi\u011das e\u0109 retejo, kiu ebligas enigi Chu-Nom-literojn \u0109e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chunom.org\/pages\/ime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chu Nom online editor<\/a>.<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1283\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1283\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1283\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><h3>V\u00f9ng V\u0103n ho\u00e1 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1<\/h3><ol><li>\u201cV\u00f9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u201cV\u00f9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1\u201d, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 V\u0103n ho\u00e1 quy\u1ec3n (\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f) trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Trung. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y ai, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u201cv\u00f9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1\u201d, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef vi\u1ebft. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Trung, ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111ang d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t \u0111i) \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng H\u00e1n t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ai bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/li><li>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng, ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m\u5583, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra theo h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng V\u0103n ho\u00e1 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 trong su\u1ed1t kho\u1ea3ng 1000 n\u0103m.<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Trung nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp ngh\u0129a b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u653f\u6cbb (ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt:seiji, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m t\u1eeba t\u1ef1a nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1eef N\u00f4m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef N\u00f4m ngay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ch\u1eef n\u00e0y \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t trang web cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadp ch\u1eef N\u00f4m t\u1ea1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chunom.org\/pages\/ime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">So\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef N\u00f4m online<\/a>.<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1284\" aria-expanded=\"false\">English<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1284\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1284\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><h3>Sinosphere<\/h3><ol><li>What is the \u201csinosphere\u201d? It refers to \u201cEast Asian cultural sphere,\u201d or \u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f, in Japanese and Chinese. Many if not most people, including Japanese, hardly know that Vietnam was part of the \u201csinosphere.\u201d That is, the countries and regions where Chinese characters are or have been used to write their language. Well, everyone knows that contemporary Chinese, Japanese and Korean (fading out) use Chinese characters, but did you know what languages are shown here?<\/li><li>They are Cantonese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese. The last one, called Chu Nom (Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m \u5583), is Vietnamese written in Chinese characters or characters created on Chinese model. Most people are quite surprised to learn that for about 1000 years Vietnam was part of the Sinosphere.<\/li><li>For Japanese and Chinese speakers like myself, it helps a lot when learning new Vietnamese words to know the underlying characters, like \u653f\u6cbb (J:seiji, V: ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb,), which are cognates and are pronounced similarly. Though the Chu Nom script was mostly abandoned in the 1920s, you still see Chu Nom on signs here and there. There is even a website that enables you to input Chu Nom at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chunom.org\/pages\/ime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chu Nom online editor<\/a>.<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 7: Sinosphere English \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e Esperanto Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t English Sinosphere What is the \u201csinosphere\u201d? It refers to \u201cEast Asian cultural sphere,\u201d or \u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u570f, in Japanese and Chinese. Many if not most people, including Japanese, hardly know that Vietnam was part of the \u201csinosphere.\u201d That is, the countries and regions where Chinese characters are or have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":389,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4124","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4124"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4449,"href":"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4124\/revisions\/4449"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/389"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kanji.org\/jack\/vietnam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}